Finite-Element Modelling of Piezoelectric Actuators: Linear and Nonlinear Analyses

Abstract

Because of their excellent properties, piezoelectric actuators have became manifest in different applications like diesel injection, textile machines, and for nano-positioning. They are used in different designs: by means of linear actuators and bending actuators, forces up to several kilo Newtons and displacements up to several millimeters can be realised, respectively.