Signal pattern recognition based on fractal features and machine learning

Abstract

As a typical pattern recognition method, communication signal modulation involves many complicated factors. Fractal theory can be used for signal modulation feature extraction and recognition because of its good ability to express complex information. In this paper, we conduct a systematic research study by using the fractal dimension as the feature of modulation signals. Box fractal dimension, Katz fractal dimension, Higuchi fractal dimension, Petrosian fractal dimension, and Sevcik fractal dimension are extracted from eight different modulation signals for signal pattern recognition. Meanwhile, the anti-noise function, box-diagram, and running time are used to evaluate the noise robustness, separability, and computational complexity of five different fractal features. Finally, Bback-Propagation (BP) neural network, grey relation analysis, random forest, and K-nearest neighbor are proposed to classify the different modulation signals based on these fractal features. The confusion matrices and recognition results are provided in the experimental section. They indicate that random forest had a better recognition performance, which could reach 96% in 10 dB.