Fat and oils: Effects on health and global regulation

Abstract

The excessive consumption of high-fat foods and a sedentary lifestyle affect body weight and health. The overall fat intake relates to the body mass index (BMI) and the lipid profile; therefore, reducing fat intake helps reducing body weight, BMI, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Lipid profile variation is a risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases; trans-unsaturated fatty acids and saturated-fatty acids are considered to have influence on certain types of cancer. Reduction in saturated fat intake may have a protective effect on cardiovascular events. Additionally, reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids and increasing mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids can lower LDL cholesterol. The regulatory dispositions regarding nutrient contents must be prioritized considering effective measures to protect consumer health with this idea in mind, some countries have regulations on fat content. Furthermore, successful actions in public health have been taken, such as the implementation of different types of oils and educational campaigns to achieve the consumption of healthier foods.