Encapsulation of Biofertilizers, Biopesticides and Biocontrol Agents

Abstract

Increasing the yield of crop plants is possible by alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses and by improving fertilization. Classical agrochemicals are gradually being replaced by biological inputs such as biofertilizers, biopesticides and biological plant growth enhancers. Biofertilizers and biopesticides are, for instance, soil microorganisms that contribute to plant growth and protect plants from diseases. Here, the targeted delivery of these microbes at their site of action is important. In this chapter we review the encapsulation process for targeted delivery of biofertilizers, biopesticides and biocontrol agents. Strategies include microbial encapsulation, and encapsulation in natural and artificial polymers. Spray drying, freeze drying, extrusion, and emulsion are used to prepare capsules or beads or formulations. We present materials for microbial encapsulation, preparation of encapsulated microbial formulations, and applications.