Kidney Disease Patterns diagnosed by Kidney Biopsy: A Single-center Experience from Central India

Abstract

The incidence of kidney disease patterns diagnosed by kidney biopsy depends on age, gender, race, socioeconomic, nutritional, and environmental factors. The present study was performed at a tertiary care teaching hospital in central India to show the current frequency of different types of kidney diseases through histopathological findings. Materials and methods: We carried out a retrospective analysis of kidney biopsies done in our institute between January 2016 and June 2021, and clinical and histopathological correlation was done from the available medical records. Results: Of the 411 kidney biopsies evaluated, 56.7% were females and the mean age of patients was 31.65 years. The elderly population (age ≥60 years) constituted 5% of patients. The most common indication for kidney biopsy was nephrotic syndrome (NS) (49.9%). On analysis of histological patterns, 59.3% of patients had primary glomerular disease (PGD), 28% had secondary glomerular disease (SGD), 5.2% had tubulointerstitial disease (TID), and 6.7% had vascular disease. In our study, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was the most common PGD (28.9% of all PGD) followed by membranous nephropathy (MN) (19.7%), minimal change disease (MCD) (16.5%), and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (15.4%). The most common SGD was lupus nephritis (LN) (23%) followed by diabetic nephropathy (DN) (1.99%). In patients aged ≤18 years, MCD was the most common PGD (26.5%) and FSGS was the most common PGD (30%) in patients aged between 19 and 59 years. In the elderly population (age ≥60 years), MN was the most common (38%) PGD. Conclusion: This is the largest study of kidney biopsies patterns from the central part of India, and it presents the combined analysis of the clinical, histopathological, and immunofluorescent features of biopsy-proven kidney diseases in our population.