Homo sapiens’ Relationship to Earth: Preservation Versus Plunder

Abstract

This chapter explores the nature of Homo sapiens as a species in relation to our ecosystem, planet Earth. The focal question addresses the degree to which humans are capable of acting in a guardianship role. This question is approached from two related perspectives: evolutionary psychology and genetics. The first thesis from the perspective of evolutionary psychology is that we humans are animals who have successfully adapted to our environments over time, including key transition points that fundamentally changed our relationship to Earth. The second thesis from the perspective of genetics is that the human gene is “selfish.” Humans are biologically greedy and self-indulgent such that welfare of the planet holds little influence on our day-to-day behavior. Given these perspectives, implications for managing in a sustainable manner are considered. Four scenarios for the future are advanced in order to promote debate and broaden discussion as to the challenges of sustainable management.