The numerical analysis of wind turbine airfoils at high angles of attack

Abstract

Despite decades of research, the accurate numerical simulation of severely separated flows is still one of the major problems in computational fluid dynamics. In this paper, a viscous-coupled 3D panel method is proposed for the aerodynamic analysis of wind turbine airfoils at high angles of attack. The Hess–Smith panel method is adopted for inviscid calculations, and an empirically based boundary layer analysis is performed in order to determine the separation point. The separated thick wake is then modelled as an extension of the surface geometry along which a constant pressure distribution is assumed. The wake geometry is determined iteratively, and an outer iterative loop is run to update the location of the separation point. The validity of the current method’s results is assessed by comparison with experimental and numerical results for several high thickness wind turbine airfoils, namely NACA 63-430, FFA-W3-301, FFA-W3-241, and DU 91-W2-250. At low angles of attack, pressure data predicted by the current method show excellent agreement with the experimental data, as well as the referenced numerical data. At higher angles of attack, the current method shows reasonable agreement with the experimental data, while the referenced numerical data significantly overestimate the −Cp distribution along the suction surface.