Current Status of animal biotechnology and option for improvement of animal reproduction in Asia

Abstract

The aim of this review paper was to investigate the use of biotechnology in the improvement of animal reproduction in different Asian Countries. Biotechnologies have contributed immensely to increasing livestock reproductively, particularly in developed countries, and can help to alleviate poverty and hunger, reduce the threats of diseases and ensure environmental sustainability in developing countries. A wide range of biotechnologies are available and have already been used in different Asian countries in the main animal science disciplines, that is animal reproduction, genetics and breeding; animal nutrition and production; and animal health. In animal reproduction, genetics and breeding, artificial insemination (AI) has perhaps been the most widely applied animal biotechnology, particularly in combination with cryopreservation, allowing significant genetic improvement for productivity as well as the global dissemination of selected male germ plasm. Complementary technologies such as semen sexing can improve the efficiency of AI. Embryo transfer provides the same opportunities for females, albeit on a much smaller scale and at a much greater price. Molecular DNA markers can also be used for genetic improvement through marker assisted selection (MAS) as well as to characterize and conserve animal genetic resources. Specific options that should assist Asian countries make informed decisions regarding the adoption of appropriate biotechnologies in the livestock sector in the future.