Extracellular Matrix Microparticles Improve GelMA Bioink Resolution for 3D Bioprinting at Ambient Temperature

Abstract

Introduction: Current bioinks for 3D bioprinting, such as gelatin-methacryloyl, are generally low viscosity fluids at room temperature, requiring specialized systems to create complex geometries. Methods and Results: Adding decellularized extracellular matrix microparticles derived from porcine tracheal cartilage to gelatin-methacryloyl creates a yield stress fluid capable of forming self-supporting structures. This bioink blend performs similarly at 25 °C to gelatin-methacryloyl alone at 15 °C in linear resolution, print fidelity, and tensile mechanics. Conclusion: This method lowers barriers to manufacturing complex tissue geometries and removes the need for cooling systems.