Analysis of Phytochemical Constituents by using LC-MS, Antifungal and Allelopathic Activities of Leaves Extracts of Aloe vera

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the phytochemical compounds of Aloe vera leaves by using LC-MS and evaluate their antifungal and allelopathic activities in vitro. The ethanol extract of Aloe vera leaves was subjected to evaluate their antifungal activity against three plants pathogenic fungi, Fusarium roseum, Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici and Botrytis cinerea by using the agar plate diffusion plate method. The aqueous extract of Aloe vera leaves was subjected to evaluate the allelopathic potential on germination and seedling growth of durum wheat Triticum durum and Amaranthus hybridus which is an advantice species of cereals. We used the bioassay of germination and seedling growth of both species. By LC-MS analysis, 11 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in ethanol extract:5-((S-2'-oxo-4'-hydroxypentyl-2(ß-glucopyranosyl-oxy-methyl)chromone, isoaloerisin D, aloenin, aloeninB, aloenin-2ˋ-p-coumaroyl ester, aloe-emodin-diglucoside, 10-hydroxyaloin B, 10-hydroxyaloin A, aloin B, aloin A, aloveroside B. The antifungal activity showed that the ethanol extract has an inhibitory activity against all the mycelial strains. The allelopathic effect of different concentrations slowed the kinetics of germination of Triticum durum and Amaranthus hybridus and significantly decreased the rate of final germination of Amaranthus hybridus (100% at C10% and C25%), and a weak effect of inhibition of the germination was noticed for Triticum durum (40% at C25%). The aqueous extract has an inhibitory effect on the length of the roots (98% at C25%) and the height of the stems (100% at C25%) of Triticum durum. All concentrations of the aqueous extract have an inhibitory effect on the root length of Amaranthus hybridus. These results showed that Aloe vera would be suggested as a new potential source of natural herbicides and fungicides.