Risk Factors of Prenatal and Postnatal Depression

Abstract

Background: The postpartum period is the time when many women or mothers experience vulnerability to various psychological problems that can cause significant distress for them, especially postpartum depression (PPD). Therefore , it is important to do depression screening and assessment of risk factors for postpartum depression in pregnant women and new mothers. This study aimed to determine the incidence and biopsychosocial risk factors for postpartum depression. Subjects and Method: This was a prospective cohort study conducted at Bulu, Kranggan, and Kedu health centers, in Temanggung, Central Java. A sample of 100 pregnant women with 32-42 weeks gestation aged was selected for this study. The dependent variable was postpartum depression (PPD). The independent variables were marital satisfaction, symptoms of premens-trual syndrome, social support, general health status, and parenting self-efficacy/PSE. PPD was