Testosterone replacement therapy

Abstract

Declining testosterone levels are associated with multiple adverse consequences in virtually all systems. There is increased all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cancer mortality including prostate cancer. There are increased cardiovascular events including MI's and stroke's, increased cognitive impairment, increased sarcopenia and frailty and decreased libido and sexually function. There is increased depression, decreased drive and competitive edge and poor quality of life. This paper will review current literature on testosterone replacement therapy and presents treatment options.