The Beneficial Influence of Microbial Interactions on Plant Diseases and Plant Growth Promoting Effect

Abstract

Detailed knowledge on microbial systems and community are required to understand of microbial dynamism related microbial balance affecting ongoing struggle between beneficial microorganism and plant pathogens. As characteristic ancestry origin of mycorrhiza, molecular data shows a background lean to approximately 450 million years ago, which is symbiotic life style with plants. In contrast to many studies conducted on the influence of mycorrhizal growth on associated bacterial population, the mechanisms of interaction are still poorly understood. Intensive chemical usage in agriculture leads to environmental contamination and threats human health. These negative results enforce researchers for finding alternative ways to diminish of chemicals used in control of plant pathogens. In the frame of integrated pest management, sustainable production using microorganisms to maintain soil fertility and by environment friendly measurements such as biocontrol are important not only for effective and less hazardous effect on ecosystem but also provides low input in crop production. Beneficial microbial community is very dynamic and plays important role in balancing of characteristic property of soil that our knowledge on interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant receive much interest by scientific area since it has been considered as one of the effective control measurement and factor affecting re-mediation of pathogen and beneficial microorganism potential of soil. In this context, microbe-microbe interactions such as the mycorrhizal relationships with other soil micro biota in the rhizosphere like the rhizosphere bacteria and saprotrophic fungi are particularly important. A good understanding of the interactions between and rhizosphere bacteria or saprotrophic fungi in relation to plant growth and induction of plant resistance against diseases and nematodes have greatly increased. This chapter seeks to review the current research results on the effects of combined inoculation of the AMF and rhizosphere bacteria on plant growth, root colonization and induction of systemic resistance and compare it with those of AMF and saprotrophic fungi and to discuss their mechanisms of action and implications to biological control of plant diseases. In this review, we highlighted the positive influence of microbial interactions on plant diseases and plant growth promoting effect considering updated knowledge.