A Qualitative Analysis of How Underage Adolescents Access Nicotine Vaping Products in Aotearoa New Zealand

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Despite policies setting a minimum legal sales age, youth continue to access electronic cigarettes (ECs). Evidence of rising youth vaping prevalence in many countries suggests existing measures have serious loopholes and raise important questions about how youth source vaping products. METHODS: We explored how youth source ECs using in-depth interviews with 30 adolescents aged 16-17 who vaped at least once a month and lived in Aotearoa New Zealand. Our semi-structured interview guide probed participants' vaping experiences and how they developed and used social, quasi-commercial, and commercial supply routes to access ECs. We used an inductive reflexive thematic analysis approach to interpret the data. RESULTS: Nearly all participants shared ECs with peers and sharing was the sole access route for some. Many used proxies, often older relatives or people they knew socially, to purchase ECs on their behalf; however, others recruited proxies by approaching previously unknown people they identified on social media. Participants also sourced ECs via quasi-commercial networks that existed within schools and on social media, and some purchased in their own right, usually from smaller retail outlets that did not ask for ID. CONCLUSIONS: Disrupting social supply will be challenging, though reducing ECs' availability, appeal, and affordability could make social supply, including sharing and proxy purchasing, more difficult. Reports that youth purchase ECs from commercial retailers known to waive age verification suggests stronger monitoring and enforcement, along with escalating retailer penalties, is required. IMPLICATIONS: Vaping access routes sit on a continuum from informal, spontaneous sharing to carefully planned commercial purchases.While supply via friends, siblings and other social contacts is an important means of access, nicotine dependence drives some to use riskier access routes, including approaching unknown people to act as proxy purchasers.Evidence young people identify non-compliant retailers suggests policy makers should monitor and enforce existing measures more stringently and consider additional penalties for recidivist under-age suppliers.A more comprehensive response that reduces the appeal, addictiveness, affordability, and availability of vaping products would address factors fostering and maintaining youth vaping.