Background: Encephalitis with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies (anti-NMDAR-Ab) is a rapid-onset encephalitis including psychosis, seizures, various movement disorders and autonomic system disturbances.Case presentation: We report a very unusual case of extensive myelitis associated with anti-NMDAR-Ab. MRI also revealed a hyperintense T2 lesion, non-suggestive of MS, which progressively extended, associated with periventricular gadolinium enhancement visualized on brain MRI. Ophthalmological evaluation showed subclinical right optic neuritis. The absence of anti-AQP4 antibody argued against neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. A slight psychomotor slowing prompted us to search for various causes of autoimmune encephalitis. Anti-NMDAR-Ab was found in cerebrospinal fluid.Conclusion: In patients with extensive myelitis who are seronegative for anti-AQP4 antibodies, and after other classical causes have been excluded, the hypothesis of atypical anti-NMDAR-Ab encephalitis should also be considered. © 2013 Outteryck et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
CITATION STYLE
Outteryck, O., Baille, G., Hodel, J., Giroux, M., Lacour, A., Honnorat, J., … Vermersch, P. (2013). Extensive myelitis associated with anti-NMDA receptor antibodies. BMC Neurology, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-13-211
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