Latest findings in autism research How do they support the importance of early diagnosis and immediate intervention?

Abstract

It is increasingly recognised that early intervention starting during the first three years of life is critical for improving the outcome of children affected with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Accurately diagnosing autism at a very early age remains however challenging. Here, we review recent research studies that support the hypothesis that a deficit in motivational aspect in orienting to people, and maintaining interactions with them, explains how autistic symptoms and cognitive difficulties develop progressively during early childhood. The social motivation theory represents a unified framework to help us diagnose children with autism earlier on, and to understand the mechanisms by which early intensive intervention helps in restoring their developmental trajectories. After reviewing the current state of eye-tracking and neuroimaging research in the field, we present research strategies that we are currently deploying within the NCCR Synapsy (supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation) to advance our understanding of these critical issues.