Observation of Fibroblast Cell Attachment and Proliferation on Different Titanium Surface Textures: Morphology and In Vitro Study

Abstract

For dental implant, Titanium abutments were statically reported failure of long-term implantation related to soft tissue defects, unpredictable esthetic outcome and bacterial leakage by positioning failure. Recently, a dominant influence of the surface modification for the soft tissue integration at the Titanium implant tissue interface has found in a lot of experimental studies. The purpose of present study is evaluation of fibroblast cell behaviors on different modified Titanium surface including Titanium (Ti) alloys, Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Ti modified with Collagen type I (TiCol-1) at various time intervals of cell culturing. Titanium plates were treated with NaOH and Collagen type I (Col-1) deposition in 2 different patterns. Polished and sand-blasted titanium plates were used as control group. Specimen surface properties were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fibroblast cell behavior on modified surfaces was analyzed by SEM images for cell adhesion, viability, proliferation. The results suggested that modified Ti surfaces had significant affect the viability of fibroblast cells and improved adhesion was measured in Col-1 modification groups after 1 h and 1 day. Proliferation study showed that the density of fibroblast cells after 3 days cultured on TiCol-1 was higher and comparable with that of other groups. As for cell membrane adhesion, cells grew after 5 days on Collagen modified surfaces also had higher expression as compared with titanium treated by NaOH. In conclusion, TiCol-1 surface seems to favor fibroblast adhesion.