Resilient cyber-physical systems and big data architectures in industry 4.0: Smart digital factories, automated production systems, and innovative sustainable business models

Abstract

This research investigates resilient cyber-physical systems and big data architectures in Industry 4.0. Building our argument by drawing on data collected from BCG, Business Insider, Deloitte, Gartner, IDC, PwC, and Statista, we performed analyses and made estimates regarding Industry 4.0 framework and contributing digital technologies (%), spending on Internet of Things worldwide by vertical in 2015 and 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars), technology developments that enable Service 4.0 (%), Internet of Things security spending worldwide (2016–2021, by segment, in million U.S. dollars), and awareness and usage of smartphone applications featuring machine learning (%). The data for this research were gathered via an online survey questionnaire and were analyzed through structural equation modeling on a sample of 3,800 respondents.