Challenges and issues in implementation of underwater wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is an emerging technology. Undersea, it is not possible for us to frequently change the batteries of sensors deployed in network so some strategies are taken under consideration to increase the node capabilities in UWSNs. Being the least explored, issues and challenges in underwater networks oceans always remain one of the tempting topics for researchers. In this paper, we have compiled constituents of UWSN, issues and challenges. The challenges related to routing strategies require essential exposure to the researchers. Recent articles have been analyzed, discussed further working directions have been described and major network design issues at different layers have also been discussed. The paper has importance for the researchers looking to work in this area and looking for future problems.