Evolutionary ensemble learning methods with Genetic Programming have achieved remarkable results on regression and classification tasks by employing quality-diversity optimization techniques like MAP-Elites and Neuro-MAP-Elites. The MAP-Elites algorithm uses dimensionality reduction methods, such as variational auto-encoders, to reduce the high-dimensional semantic space of genetic programming to a two-dimensional behavioral space. Then, it constructs a grid of high-quality and diverse models to form an ensemble model. In MAP-Elites, however, variational auto-encoders rely on Euclidean space topology, which is not effective at preserving high-quality individuals. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a principal component analysis method based on a cosine-kernel for dimensionality reduction. In order to deal with unbalanced distributions of good individuals, we propose a zero-cost reference points synthesizing method. Experimental results on 108 datasets show that combining principal component analysis using a cosine kernel with reference points significantly improves the performance of the MAP-Elites evolutionary ensemble learning algorithm.
CITATION STYLE
Zhang, H., Chen, Q., Tonda, A., Xue, B., Banzhaf, W., & Zhang, M. (2023). MAP-Elites with Cosine-Similarity for Evolutionary Ensemble Learning. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) (Vol. 13986 LNCS, pp. 84–100). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29573-7_6
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