Early life influences on cognition, behavior, and emotion in humans: From birth to age 20

Abstract

The long-lasting effects of fetal exposure to early life influences (ELI) such as maternal anxiety, stress, and micronutrient deficiencies as well as mediating and moderating factors are quite well established in animal studies, but remain unclear in humans. Here, we report about effects on cognition, behavior, and emotion in offspring aged 5–20 years old in two prospective longitudinal birth cohorts.