PNL in paediatric patients

Abstract

Incidence and indications of urolithiasis treatment in children are revised in this chapter. In particular, the authors afford the issue of paediatric PNL, with particular reference to the operative armamentarium needed, patient positioning and advantages of the supine position in children, renal anatomical features and technical aspects of ECIRS (Endoscopic Combined IntraRenal Surgery) in young age (with details regarding renal access and tract dilation). Paediatric ECIRS is as safe and effective as in adults, especially in case of concomitant congenital urinary malformations.