Obesity hypertension: Clinical aspects

Abstract

Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents are common, and they are associated with the development of numerous clinical consequences such as hypertension. This chapter will provide a review of the definitions of hypertension and prehypertension in children and adolescents and then discuss the epidemiology of obesity hypertension. After examining the complex relationship between obesity and hypertension and potential mechanisms contributing to the development of obesity hypertension, clinical approaches to the management of hypertension in the setting of obesity are discussed. The clinical management is multifaceted, as one must consider that treating obesity may in fact lead to improved blood pressure. Yet, treating obesity takes time and motivation, and while awaiting the effects of changes in lifestyle on blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medications may be indicated in some children and adolescents.