Sildenafil Inhibits Myelin Expression and Myelination of Oligodendroglial Precursor Cells

Abstract

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have previously been implicated in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination of central nervous system axons. Sildenafil citrate is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor known to block PDE5, which also reduces inflammation in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis demyelinating model. To find out whether this inhibitor might exert beneficial effects on central nervous system myelin repair activities, we investigated to what degree sildenafil modulates differentiation and maturation of cultured primary rat oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs). To this end, gene and protein expression of 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase, myelin basic protein, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, as well as of negative regulators of myelin expression (Hes1, Hes5, Id2, Id4, Rock2, and p57Kip2) were measured in OPCs treated with sildenafil. Moreover, the subcellular distribution of the p57kip2 protein was determined after sildenafil treatment, as this revealed to be an early predictor of the oligodendroglial differentiation capacity. In vitro myelination assays were done to measure the myelination capacity of oligodendrocytes treated with sildenafil. We found that sildenafil significantly diminished myelin gene expression and protein expression. Moreover, sildenafil also increased the expression of Id2 and Id4 negative transcriptional regulators, and the degree of OPCs with cytoplasmic p57kip2 protein localization was reduced, providing evidence that the PDE blocker impaired the differentiation capacity. Finally, sildenafil also interfered with the establishment of internodes as revealed by in vitro myelination assays. We therefore conclude that blocking PDE5 activities exerts a negative impact on intrinsic oligodendroglial differentiation processes.