Evaluation of permeability for columnar dendritic structures by three-dimensional numerical flow analysis

Abstract

In order to evaluate the permeability of columnar dendritic structures, three-dimensional (3-D) flow simulations of interdendritic liquid were carried out. The 3-D columnar dendrite morphologies, created by means of a computer-aided design (CAD) software, were based on two-dimensional dendrite morphologies calculated by a phase-field method. The artificial 3-D columnar dendrites were regularly arranged, and six kinds of 3-D columnar dendritic structures were observed, each with different liquid volume fractions between 0.56 and 0.95. For these 3-D columnar dendritic structures, the flow parallel and normal to the primary arms were calculated using FLUENT, and the permeability of six 3-D columnar dendritic structures for both flow directions were determined using the Darcy law. The values of our simulated permeability were compared with those values of permeability obtained experimentally [K. Murakami, A. Shiraishi and T. Okamoto: Acta Metall., 31 (1983), p. 1417, 32 (1984), p. 1423, C. Y. Liu, K. Murakami and T. Okamoto: Mater. Sci. Tech., 5 (1989), p. 1148]. For both flow directions, our simulated permeability for high liquid volume fractions complemented their experimental permeability for low liquid volume fractions. Therefore, we confirmed the consistency of simulated reading with extrapolations of experimental values of low volume fractions to high volume fractions. In addition, we discussed the limitation of flow within the mushy region, and found that defining the limiting permeability of interdendritic flow, in order to evaluate the relationship between dendritic morphology and the solid volume fraction where interdendritic liquid flow ceases, was effective. © 2014 ISIJ.