Sacral Nerve Root Stimulation for the Treatment of Pelvic and Rectal Pain

Abstract

Pelvic, ilioinguinal, testicular, and sacral pain may have both visceral and somatic causes, lending themselves to stimulation techniques. Sacral nerve root stimulation has been recognized as a treatment of pain of the pelvis, rectum, and perineum, and serves to manage intractable pain of the bladder from interstitial cystitis, post-radiation and nerve entrapment pathologies. Further, functional improvements of bladder dynamics can be performed with sacral stimulation and intersem techniques. The sacral nerve targets are normally at S2, S3, and S4.