Neurotrophic factors in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder: Focus on BDNF and IGF-1

Abstract

Neurotrophic factors are secreted proteins promoting the development and maintaining the function of neural circuits. Studies in human individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and corresponding animal models have implicated that alterations of neurotrophic factor levels and the associated signalling pathways might contribute to the underlying pathophysiology. As most of this work has investigated the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in ASD formation, we focus on these two molecules in this review. We start with reviewing findings on neurotrophic factor levels in human individuals with ASD, continue with providing a broad overview on murine BDNF and IGF-1 in several well-established mouse models of ASD and finally discuss the therapeutic potential of both molecules in the context of translational ASD research.