Theories of Stone Formation

Abstract

Water is a pivotal element in digestion, circulation, elimination, and regulation of body temperature. A critical function of the urinary system is the maintenance of normal composition and volume of body fluid; this is accomplished by glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion of soluble and filterable plasma components. By such means, urine contains water, electrolytes, minerals, hydrogen ions, end products of protein metabolism, and other compounds not useful to the metabolism, energy requirements, or structure of the body. Under normal circumstances, urine will not contain solid particles (stones).