Bio-Treatment Technologies of Produced Water: A Review

Abstract

salinity, organic components, and toxicity from PW. Also, challenges of environmental factors for PW and future research directions are included. Activated sludge is an essential part of aerobic bio-treatments of polluted water as inoculum rich in microbial cells that can degrade pollutants. Membrane bioreactors (MBR), fluidized bed bioreactors (FBBs), aerated biological filter (BAF), and aeration lagoons are also reviewed. Moreover, bio-treatments are extended to include anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, bio-treatment techniques can treat organic compounds of wastewater, especially with low oil concentrations and poor solubility that cannot be treated with conventional treatments.