On the Detection of Doped Software by Falsification

Abstract

Software doping is a phenomenon that refers to the presence of hidden software functionality, whose existence is only in the interest of the manufacturer. The most prominent example is the diesel emissions scandal. There is a need for methods that identify software doping, and such methods are bound to be applied to the final product with no or rare knowledge about its internals. Black-box analysis techniques have recently been developed for this purpose, harvesting the formal foundations of software doping. This paper integrates them with established falsification techniques for the purpose of real-world applicability. With a focus on the diesel scandal and emissions tests on chassis dynamometers we make the testing procedures significantly more effective in terms of time and cost. The theoretical results are implemented in a prototypical doping tester.