Molecular organization of the lipid matrix in stratum corneum and its relevance for the protective functions of human skin

Abstract

The extracellular matrix of stratum corneum participates actively in the defensive performance of human skin. The unique lamellar organization of the lipids, resulting from their exceptional composition, ensures the low permeability of the skin for xenobiotics, limits the loss of water from the living tissues, and contributes to the formation of a barrier layer of high mechanical integrity, flexibility, and cohesive strength. Both crystalline and disordered lipid phases exist in the lamellae, but their 3D organization remains to be definitely established. Understanding the correlation between composition, molecular organization, and properties of the lipid matrix helps to elucidate the etymology of skin disorders and diseases and offers the potential to develop new, efficient skin therapies.