Menopause

Abstract

Menopause transition is an experience all women undergo either naturally or surgically. This chapter defines the stages of menopause including mental health conditions that have been studied in various populations during these life transition periods. Symptomatology including hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, and psychiatric symptoms is outlined and examined. Theories about the relationship between menopause and depression such as hormonal fluctuations, psychosocial, and neurobiological factors are discussed along with evidence for and against such theories. Use of hormone/estrogen therapy and its effect on depression in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women is also discussed in this chapter. Surgical versus natural menopause is outlined with evidence suggesting many factors interplay with regard to depression and surgical menopause. Implications for treatment of various psychiatric disorders including anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia are discussed. Finally, evidence is presented that shows an increase in sexual dysfunction during menopause transition due to multiple factors including no partner, depressed mood, or living with a child. Treatment implications are included to guide care providers working with women who are undergoing this stage of life change. © 2010 Springer-Verlag New York.