First confirmed complete incubation of a flapper skate (Dipturus intermedius) egg in captivity

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Abstract

An egg of the critically endangered flapper skate Dipturus intermedius was successfully incubated to hatching in captivity in what is believed to be a first for the species. Water conditions (temperature, salinity, flow rate) were recorded, with mean water temperatures ranging from a monthly mean of 8.3 ± 1.2 to 13.2 ± 0.3°C and salinity from a monthly mean of 30.5 ± 1.2 to 36.6 ± 2.3 ppt. Hatching occurred after 534 days, suggesting that flapper skate eggs take c. 5700 growing degree-days to incubate to hatching. The egg's prolonged embryonic development raises concerns about flapper skate eggs' vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance.

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Benjamins, S., Cole, G., Naylor, A., Thorburn, J. A., & Dodd, J. (2021). First confirmed complete incubation of a flapper skate (Dipturus intermedius) egg in captivity. Journal of Fish Biology, 99(3), 1150–1154. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14816

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