Automation, public transport and Mobility as a Service: Experience from tests with automated shuttle buses

Abstract

Automated driving will fundamentally transform future mobility and will also affect public transport. In this context, there is often talk of a further shift of the boundaries between classic public transport and motorized individual transport, with an area of transition in public individual transport with automated vehicles, or an individualization of public transport (cf. Lenz/Fraedrich 2015: 189; Röhrleef 2017: 15; Bruns et al. 2018: 12; Barillère-Scholz et al. 2020: 16): already today, mobility is becoming differentiated through new forms of services such as car sharing and ride hailing.