Teaching students to identify and document social determinants of health

Abstract

Purpose: Social determinants of health (SDH) are responsible for significant health dispa-rities, morbidity and mortality. It is important to acculturate trainees to identify and document SDH. This can elevate their perceptions related to the importance and relevance of SDH. Documentation can encourage trainees to see SDH as factors which medical providers should address. Patients and methods: Researchers devised a novel approach to demonstrate the value of SDH to undergraduate medical students. Proprietary diagnostic codes for SDH and procedure codes for action taken to address them, were developed. Students were encouraged to log these into electronic records for clinical encounters. Students’ voluntary use of these codes was evaluated. Additionally, students were surveyed on their familiarity with the concept of SDH, their perceptions of the importance of SDH, as well as documenting SDH, twice in the study period, and results were compared. In their second year of use, proprietary codes were compared to newly available SDH related ICD-10 codes. Results: Students utilized proprietary codes more often than SDH related ICD-10 codes. Over 20,000 codes were logged. Comparison of survey items showed modest increases in students’ positive perception about the role of SDH in patient health. Conclusion: Students’ voluntary logging of SDH codes demonstrates they perceived these factors to be important and relevant to patient encounters. Future analyses will examine students’ knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practice patterns related to SDH.