On even triangulations of 2-connected embedded graphs

Abstract

Recently, Hoffmann and Kriegel proved an important combinatorial theorem [4]: Every 2-connected bipartite plane graph G has a triangulation in which all vertices have even degree (it's called an even triangulation). Combined with a classical Whitney's Theorem, this result implies that every such a graph has a 3-colorable plane triangulation. Using this theorem, Hoffmann and Kriegel significantly improved the upper bounds of several art gallery and prison guard problems. In [7], Zhang and He presented a linear time algorithm which relies on the complicated algebraic proof in [4]. This proof cannot be extended to similar graphs embedded on high genus surfaces. It's not known whether Hoffmann and Kriegel's Theorem is true for such graphs. In this paper, we describe a totally independent and much simpler proof of the above theorem, using only graph-theoretic arguments. Our new proof can be easily extend to show the existence of even triangulations for similar graphs on high genus surfaces. Hence we show that Hoffmann and Kriegel's theorem remains valid for such graphs. Our new proof leads to a very simple linear time algorithm for finding even triangulations. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003.