Cohort study for monitoring cardiovascular risk factors in children using a primary health care service: methods and initial results

  • Gama S
  • Carvalho M
  • Cardoso L
  • et al.
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Abstract

An awareness of the presence of cardiovascular disease risk factors since childhood is essential to guide health promotion policies. The aim of this paper is to present, together with the main results, a methodological proposal to estimate both incidence and prevalence of these factors over time and their associated socio-demographic aspects in a population attending a primary health care unit, within Brazilian Unified National Health System. An open cohort design was adopted, starting in 2004 with a sample of 356 children aged between 5 and 9. In the second wave, in 2008, 126 children were enrolled and 205 were reevaluated. Socioeconomic variables, food intake, physical activity, anthropometric measures (weight, height and waist size), lipidogram and glycemia were collected. Results indicate a high prevalence of dyslipidemia, and an increase of excess weight and sedentary activity between both surveys. Some 55% of children were found to have lower values of HDL-cholesterol. The methodological proposal was considered adequate for the monitoring of cardiovascular disease predictors in poor urban populations.Conhecer a presença de fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares desde a infância é essencial para orientar políticas de promoção da saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar, junto com os principais resultados, uma proposta metodólogica para estimar incidência e prevalência, ao longo do tempo, desses fatores e fatores sociodemográficos associados em população assistida em unidade básica, integrante do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. Adotou-se o desenho de uma coorte aberta, iniciada em 2004, com amostra de 356 crianças de 5-9 anos. Na segunda onda, em 2008, 126 crianças aderiram, e 205 foram reavaliadas. Coletou-se dados socioeconômicos, alimentares, de atividade física, antropométricos (peso/altura/perímetro da cintura), lipidograma e glicemia. Os resultados apontam alta prevalência de dislipidemia, aumento do excesso de peso e de tempo sedentário entre ondas. Em 55% das crianças, os valores de HDL-colesterol foram mais baixos. A proposta metodológica apresentada mostrou-se adequada para a vigilância dos preditores das doenças cardiovasculares em populações urbanas carentes.

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APA

Gama, S. R., Carvalho, M. S., Cardoso, L. de O., Chaves, C. R. M. de M., & Engstrom, E. M. (2011). Cohort study for monitoring cardiovascular risk factors in children using a primary health care service: methods and initial results. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 27(3), 510–520. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2011000300011

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