Sounds and sound production in fishes

Abstract

The main information on the sounds and sound production in fishes is reviewed. The present sys- tems of sound classification and specialized sound production in fishes with different taxonomic positions and ecology are described. The anatomy of sound generating organs is analyzed, and the mechanisms of production of different types of sounds (stridulation, drumming, cavitation, and percussion, as well as hydrodynamic, pneumatic, stringed, and respiratory sounds) are discussed. A brief characterization of the acoustic parameters of different sound types is given. Recent data on the anatomy and morphology of the sonic muscles (including their innervation, physiology, sexual dimorphism, and seasonal changes) are reviewed. The dynamics of the development of sound generating organs are described, and their capacity for sound production in the ontogeny of fishes is followed.