Application of the 1 km ×1 km Resolution FRAME Model to Poland for the Assessment of Ammonia and Ammonium Concentrations and Exceedance of Critical Levels

Abstract

The total mass of ammonia emitted in Poland has dropped in recent years. Despite this decrease, Poland is still one of the European countries with the highest NH3 emissions. Ammonia and ammonium air concentrations and deposition of reduced nitrogen in Poland were modelled with the Fine Resolution Atmospheric Multi-pollutant Exchange (FRAME) model with an increased resolution of 1 × 1 km for the years 2005 and 2008. The model results were compared with air concentrations measurements made at the EMEP sites. The modelled NH3 concentrations were further used to calculate the CLEs exceedances for the Natura 2000 sites in Poland. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014.