Carbon nanostructure-based materials: A novel tool for detection of alzheimer’s disease

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common forms of dementia and is an overwhelming neurodegenerative disease. Usually, this neurological condition is categorized by a loss of cognitive functions and recognized pathophysiological hallmarks in the brain such as accumulation of extracellular (amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide) and intracellular (neurofibrillar tangles of hyperphosphorylated τ protein) protein. Presently, a huge number (approximately 35 million) of people are affected by this form of dementia and neurodegenerative disease. The situation becomes more dangerous and will lead to social burden in the near future. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective therapy and early diagnostic approaches. In this context, biosensor has become an indispensable tool in biomarker sensing, in which sensor electrode materials play critical roles in accurate and selective sensing. Carbon nanostructure-based materials have the potential ability for biosensor platform because of their excellent mechanical, electronic, optical, and easy functionalization ability. Herein, we discuss the various carbon nanostructure-based materials, biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease, carbon nanostructured materialbased biosensor, and future prospects in the detection of Alzheimer’s disease.