Morphology of hybrid orchid induced by polyploidy using colchicine

Abstract

Phalaenopsis orchid flower is one of the essential aspects that has received significant attention from orchid breeders and farmers. Undesirable floral characters can be improved and enhanced by polyploidization using chemically induced antimitotic compounds such as colchicine. This reserach aimed to determine the morphological characteristics of orchids after being colchicine. This research was conducted on December 2021-February 2022 in Screen House, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. In this research, three orchids of different types were used, that is P. Ox Black Face Ox 1647, P. Ox Spot Queen Ox Rouge Ox 1460, and P. Chain Xen Moment. This experimental study uses three samples of orchids given colchicine and orchids without colchicine. Each sample was repeated three times. The treatment was carried out by dripping colchicine 1,250 ppm on the buds of the three varieties, then covered with cotton and carbon paper. This study used descriptive analysis with data collection techniques, including direct observation and morphological documentation of three varieties of orchids. The results of this research indicated the success of P. Ox Spot Queen Ox Rouge Ox 1460, which had larger flower widths and lengths, that is, 9 cm long and 20 cm wide, and had an average flower autumn time of 60 days longer than the other two varieties.