Immunotherapy in the Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a relatively rare tumor representing 2-3% of all neoplasias. Approximately 30% of patients diagnosed as having RCC present metastases: mean survival ranges between 6 and 10 months, whilst 10-20% present a 2-year survival rate. Treatment of patients with metastatic RCC is a difficult challenge. Hormones and chemotherapy, either alone or associated with surgical resection of the primary lesion have been used. In our experience, IL-2 + IFN-a has been shown to be an encouraging form of treatment. METHODS: During the period between October 1997 and December 1999, 5 patients (3 males, 2 females), mean age 52.5 years, with metastatic RCC, came to our attention. TC revealed a circumscribed area the margins of which were not well defined, in a mid-renal localization, positive inter aorta caval and obturator lymph nodes, but no lung, brain or hepatic involvement. Patients were submitted to nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy followed later by immunotherapy with IFN-alpha (3 Mil twice a week) + low dose IL-2 (1 Mil/m2/12 h): treatment was given for 4 consecutive weeks and then repeated every 3 weeks for 1 year. RESULTS: At 30 months' follow-up all patients showed regression of the disease (100% of cases) and in none of the cases there was evidence of metastases. Only one patient (20%) presented side-effects (nausea, vomiting, slight rise in temperature) all of which disappeared at the end of the first week of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results, even if on a limited number of patients and for a limited follow-up period, show that in some patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, treatment with IL-2 and IFN-a following nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy should be considered the therapy of choice.