Biofilm-mediated diseases of the heart and lungs

Abstract

Research and studies have undoubtedly established the fact that microbial biofilms have the capacity to inhabit human tissues and medical devices as well as playing a role in microbial pathogenesis. Biofilms are present across the entire environment and are linked with almost 75% of nosocomial infections. Growths of microorganisms in a multicellular form present an incredible challenge to a host's defenses and antimicrobials. Therefore, biofilms create elaborate chronic and subacute infections which are not easy to overcome. Extensive insight regarding genetic, microbiological, molecular, and biophysical processes within biofilm formations has been acquired. This knowledge has influenced our understanding and management methodologies for several infectious diseases. Our knowledge to date has also enabled the development of unique antimicrobial treatments targeted at biofilms. Fungal and bacterial biofilms play significant roles in a variety of pulmonary and heart diseases, of which cystic fibrosis lung disease, pneumonia caused by ventilators, infective endocarditis, pulmonary infections, and atherosclerosis are noteworthy.