LEACH-S Enhancement to Ensure WSN Stability

Abstract

Due to miniaturization of sensor nodes and the ease and low cost of deployment, the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has grown rapidly. Several fields are concerned, including environmental monitoring, e-health, precision agriculture, and smart home. These sensor nodes have limited resources, especially energy resource. An efficient management of this resource is necessary for the effectiveness of these networks. Several energy management solutions have been proposed in the literature, including clustering. In this paper, we propose a new approach based on the LEACH-S protocol called Balance Member's Nodes in LEACH-S (BMN-LEACH-S). This approach allows, first to balance the number of member nodes between the different clusters. For this purpose, a fuzzy logic system using as basic metrics the number of nodes in the cluster and the RSSI with the cluster head are used during the construction of the network topology. Second, it allows to allocate a quantum of energy to each Cluster Head (CH) after which the CH gives up its role to another node. This CH selection is done in turn. BMN-LEACH-S reduces instability of WSN due to the frequent change of CHs and increases network lifetime as a result of balancing nodes between clusters.