Hydrochemical and physicochemical monitoring of ground water in north-west region of Punjab, India - A study involving analysis of major ions, heavy metal ions and other related parameters

Abstract

The district of Tarntaran is situated in Punjab State of Northwestern part of Punjab, India covering 5059 Sq. Km area, located 45 km from Amritsar its geographical coordinates are 31° 16' 51'' north and 74° 51' 25'' East longitudes. Water samples are collected from 100 locations in 20 villages on the Patti –Khem Karan highway with 5 samples from each village, and were subjected to analysis for chemical characteristics. The type of water that predominates in the study area is Ca-Mg-HCO3 type, based on hydro-chemical analysis. Besides, suitability of water for irrigation is evaluated based on sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate, sodium percent and salinity hazard. Other physicochemical parameters such as pH, TDS, conductance etc were also determined using water analysis kit. Analysis of water samples for heavy metal analysis was also carried out in the present study.