A zero-watermarking algorithm based on visual cryptography and matrix norm in order to withstand printing and scanning

Abstract

When using a digital watermark for credential anti-counterfeiting technologies, the problems such as robustness of the algorithm, its invisibility and capacity size must be solved. All kinds of attacks on the digital watermark, just like print-scanned attacks, should be resisted. So, we present a zero-watermarking algorithm based on the visual cryptography and matrix norm. Our main idea may be summarized as follows: We use a QR code to hide important information into a credential, then embed it into the photo of the credential. We combine the wavelet transform and matrix norm, in order to extract the image characteristics and configured invariance of the print-scanning. Next, we combine the visual cryptography and digital watermark. and using one share of the visual cryptography to be saved as a zero-watermark. The experimental results show that the algorithm could resist the typical attacks, and the primary and secondary print-scanned attacks, and it has good robustness.