Clinical and procedural outcomes with or without balloon guide catheters during endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis with first-line technique subgroup analysis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Balloon guide catheters are increasingly used to improve clot retrieval by temporarily stopping proximal blood flow during endovascular thrombectomy. PURPOSE: Our aim was to provide a summary of the literature comparing the procedural and clinical outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy with or without balloon guide catheters, depending on the first-line technique used. DATA SOURCES: We used PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. STUDY SELECTION: We chose studies that compared using balloon guide catheters with not using them. DATA ANALYSIS: Random effects meta-analysis was performed to compare the procedural outcomes measured as the first-pass effect, successful reperfusion, number of passes, procedural duration, arterial puncture to reperfusion time, distal emboli, and clinical outcomes. DATA SYNTHESIS: Overall, a meta-analysis of 16 studies (5507 patients, 50.8% treated with balloon guide catheters and 49.2% without them) shows that the use of balloon guide catheters increases the odds of achieving a first-pass effect (OR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.34-2.76; P,.001), successful reperfusion (OR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.42-2.40; P,.001), and good functional outcome (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.27-1.73; P,.001). Balloon guide catheters reduce the number of passes (mean difference = -0.35; 95% CI, -0.65 to -0.04; P =.02), procedural time (mean difference = -19.73; 95% CI, -34.63 to -4.83; P =.009), incidence of distal or new territory emboli (OR = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.26-0.98; P =.04), and mortality (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.62-0.85; P,.001). Similar benefits of balloon guide catheters are observed when the first-line technique was a stent retriever or contact aspiration, but not for a combined approach. LIMITATIONS: The analysis was based on nonrandomized trials with a moderate risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Current literature suggests improved clinical and procedural outcomes associated with the use of balloon guide catheters during endovascular thrombectomy, especially when using the first-line stent retriever.