Hardness Removal by Freezing with a Dry Gas

Abstract

The water contaminants such as calcium and magnesium salts are of great concern since they lead to water hardness. In this method of research the water containing calcium and magnesium ions was to be removed by cooling with dry gas a cheaper process up to about 0 0 C in a 1 liter bottle keeping it in inverted shape a such that funnel portion goes down and bottom portion goes up in a refrigerator. It has been observed that more than 67% percentage of the hardness have been removed after measuring in the laboratory.