Strategies for Enhancing Sustainability of Urban Water Systems

Abstract

Operation of existing urban water systems can be enhanced by implementing sustainability strategies. Two types of such strategies were examined: rainwater harvesting and use, and sustainable wastewater management. The first strategy contributes to reduced imports of source water into urban areas and reduced runoff from urban areas, the second one promotes pollution prevention and recovery of resources, including reclaimed water, energy, and nutrients. Overall, both groups contribute to more sustainable urban water systems requiring fewer resources to provide the water services required and ensuring a better protection of the environment. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.