Biotechnological approaches in propagation and improvement of withania somnifera (L.) dunal

Abstract

Withania somnifera is a high value medicinal plant of the family Solanaceae. It is known for its anti-tumour, anti-stress, anti-aging, cardio-protective, neuro-protective and anti-inflammatory properties. Its pharmaceutical properties are attributed to a wide range of secondary metabolites, such as steroidal lactones, alkaloids, glycowithanolides, flavanol glycosides, phenolics and sterols. The traditional cultivation of W. somnifera is limited mainly by poor seed viability and germination, low yield and inconsistency in production of secondary metabolites. The infestation with various pests and pathogens also throw a major challenge in its cultivation. Biotechnological approaches involving organ, tissue and cell culture offer potential solution to the existing problems. In vitro propagation helps in rapid multiplication of elite cultivars and facilitate in raising quality planting materials. Genetic manipulation and secondary metabolite engineering hold great promise for enhancement of secondary metabolites and for overall crop improvement. The present chapter briefly discuss the challenges in W. somnifera and present a quick overview of biotechnological advances to address these challenges. It also highlights the futuristic approaches that would lay a foundation in the conglomeration of W. Somnifera as an ideal model medicinal plant.